Ottawa signals review of the Indian Act as Carney backs moving beyond it

Prime Minister Mark Carney has opened the door to reforming or abolishing the Indian Act, a 150-year-old law that gives the federal government wide control over First Nations communities.

At a meeting in Ottawa on Monday with First Nations leaders and premiers, Carney said Manitoba Premier Wab Kinew had raised the possibility of reforming or eliminating the legislation. "I share his view," Carney said in an address. "I am committed to a process that moves Canada beyond the Indian Act, and I have asked my ministers to work in partnership with First Nations to chart that path together."

Carney said the outcome is not predetermined and that a review would not necessarily end in abolition. He said the federal government would work with First Nations and provinces to examine the legislation and possible replacements.

The Indian Act was first passed in 1876. It governs who qualifies for legal Indian status, the management of reserve lands and aspects of band council governance.

A 1969 White Paper by Pierre Trudeau's government proposed repealing the Act, but First Nations overwhelmingly rejected it, largely over a lack of consultation, and the government cancelled it in 1971. Some First Nations have since negotiated self-government agreements.

Carney said Monday's gathering was the first dedicated meeting between First Nations leaders and first ministers in more than two decades. Topics included the Indian Act, economic opportunities, emergency preparedness and policing. He also cited a proposed First Nations Sovereign Wealth Fund, which he said originated with First Nations and would give communities a lasting share of wealth from major projects.

HighOnCity reported in October on Carney's Edmonton stop during his pro-Canada tour.